If the couple was still married at the time of the death then the surviving spouse has a right to a portion of the estate under the state laws of intestacy. You can check the laws in your state at the related question link provided below.
They sure can in Michigan if it is a court ordered child support payment.
yes
Yes, as can spousal support and federal tax arrears.
The GI bill pays for education.
No. The spousal support order remains in effect until it is modified by the court.
If you're separated (living apart), then you can petition the court for a order of temporary child support.
Court ordered child support, spousal maintenance, federal or state taxes, a court ordered restitution for personal injury and/or property damage.
It is possible, but you would need to go to court. It would have to be reviewed and ordered by the judge.
Spousal support payments are not a "sure thing," which is a key element in a cash settlement. While the support/alimony is court-ordered it is not guaranteed, and there is no lender or settlement company that wish to engage in chasing down a spouse to secure payments that were assigned to you. You cannot assign the payments to a lender/settlement company.
only child support. Spousal support is taxable income.
There's no such thing as "marital spousal child support." You might be able to get spousal support ("alimony" or "maintenance") for a brief period to allow you to become self-sufficient.
No; as the term implies, spousal support is for spouses. However, you ought to be able to receive child support.