A superior planet lined up with the Sun (i.e. at superior conjunction) can't be seen because of glare from the Sun. When the planet lies in the opposite direction it is at opposition, which is the best time to see it as it crosses the meridian at midnight.
Because opposition is when The Sun, the Earth and the planet are in a line. The planet appears opposite the Sun in the sky and the distance between Earth and planet is at a minimum.
To an observer anywhere outside the atmosphere of a planet, including on the moon, the sky appears black everywhere except where a star or illuminated body appears.
That is called the point of maximum elongation.
sometimes you can see the planet venus!
The line of the ecliptic is the path that the sun appears to trace through the sky over the period of a year.
You surely refer to the planet Mars, which is at its very brightest in several years.
The "white planet" close to Earth is likely the Moon. It appears white in the night sky due to its surface reflecting sunlight.
The planet appearing near the moon in the southern sky in early September 2009 is Jupiter. http://www.earthsky.org/tonighthome/2009-09-03/url
No, the sky appears to be a reddish-brown during daytime hours on Mars due to the atmosphere of the planet. At night the sky may appear black, similar to what is seen on Earth at night.
An celestial body is at superior conjunction if it is on the opposite side of the sun from the Earth. A celestial body is at inferior conjunction when it is between the sun and the Earth. _______________________________________Only interior planets (Mercury and Venus) can have "superior conjunctions". The outer planets Mars, Jupiter and Saturn have either "conjunctions" (when the planet is on the other side of the Sun) or "opposition" (when the planet is opposite the Sun in the sky.
Assuming that other stars in the sky are twinkling at the time what appears to be a star (except it is not twinkling) is probably a planet.
I think the answer is "Mercury". That's because it appears in the sky as the "morning star" and also as the "evening star".