on or off
Transistors are designed to operate as being either opened or closed, or off or on.
ON AND OFF
The primary reason that NPN transistors are used more often than PNP transistors is that they usually operate faster (at higher frequencies) because the mobility of the current carriers in NPN transistors (electrons) is much higher than that of the current carriers in PNP transistors (holes).
active region
Nowadays, transistors are mainly used.
The main use of transistors in electronic circuits is as switches and memory storage
since the diode shows its characteristics in a non linearly it is called as nonlinear element since the transistor shows its characteristics in a linear way it s called as linear element Transistors are typically operated in their linear region (such as when used in amplifier circuits), or as switches (where you will in general ignore the nonlinearity of the transistor). Transistors are typically DC biased to operate in this linear region. Diodes are not biased in this way. Strictly speaking, both are nonlinear devices, although transistors can be used in their linear operation region, while diodes are not.
If the integrated circuit in some kind of device has 5,000 transistors on it, then before integrated circuits were available, the same function might have been performed by 100 individual transistors. And before transistors were available, the same function might have been performed by 30 vacuum tubes, a fan and air system to keep them cool, and a large power system to operate the tubes and the cooler.
You don't, there aren't any. However some radios in the early 1950s did use both vacuum tubes and transistors. This was because early junction transistors were too slow to operate at RF so vacuum tubes were used in the RF and IF sections. These radios were called hybrid radios because they used both vacuum tubes and transistors.
Silicon and germanium are the elements used in transistors
Digital computers use binary numbers because that is easier for them, and the easiest way for humans to represent what goes on inside of computers. Computers contain millions of transistors inside the various ICs in the computer. Transistors can generally be on or off. Sure, it is possible for transistors to have a range, but then, in this case, it wouldn't be digital. So since the transistors are used as on-off switches, it is easiest to represent them as binary digits, since they can either be on or off.
An infrared detector needs a power source to operate and it is used to active a relay that can be used as a switch.
Power transistors are transistors that are used in high-power amplifiers and power supplies.
Transistors are used in any electrical somponent including amplifiers, remote controls etc.