a charged particle if the atom is neutral before the change
The Mg2 plus cation has 10 electrons.
An atom with an atomic number of 13 is aluminum, which has 13 electrons in its neutral state. When aluminum forms a 3+ cation, it loses three electrons. Therefore, a 3+ cation of aluminum has 10 electrons.
This atom become a positive ion (cation).
In order for it to be a cation, the maximum number of electrons it can have is one less than the number of protons. I don't know what "needed" means in this context, but hopefully that answers what you were trying to ask.
The number of electrons is 10.
the number of electrons lost when forming an ion and that the cation can form more than one cation.
A cation has a number of electrons lower than a neutral atom.
Then a cation (more protons than electrons) or anion (more electrons than protons) are formed. But this only applies for changing the number of electrons. If the number of protons are changed, a whole new element is created. For example, Carbon should have 6 protons and 6 electrons. If 1 electron is removed, then we would have a carbon cation because it has a charge of +1
An ion with missing electrons, and thus a positive charge, is a cation.
The atomic number of the cation is the same as the atomic number of the neutral atom.
When an atom loses an electron to become a cation, the number of electrons decreases while the number of protons remains the same, leading to a stronger electrostatic pull on the remaining electrons. This causes the electron cloud to be pulled closer to the nucleus, resulting in a smaller atomic radius for the cation compared to the neutral atom.