The standard Christian Bible does not mention when Caleb died.
Joshua 14:10 identifies that, at 85 years of age, Caleb was just as strong as he was at the age of 40. So, we know that he lived until he was at least 85. How long he lived after that is anybody's guess.
Caleb is actually mentioned in Joshua, as an assistant to Joshua. There are later biblical references to Caleb in 1 Samuel, 1 Chronicles, and the apocryphal books 1 Maccabees and Ecclesiasticus.
Caleb
Caleb Heathcote died in 1721.
Caleb Bingham died in 1817.
Caleb Bentley died in 1851.
Caleb Scudder died in 1866.
Caleb Gibbs died in 1818.
Caleb Mills died in 1879.
Caleb Ashworth died in 1775.
Caleb Ormsbee died in 1807.
Caleb Baldwin died in 1827.
Caleb Alexander died in 1828.
Caleb Tompkins died in 1846.