John 20:17 "Jesus said, 'Do not hold on to me, for I have no yet returned to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, 'I am returning to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.'"
At this point Jesus had finally accomplished his mission on earth: become the ultimate Mediator between us and the Father. His perfect and sinless life became the sacrifice necessary in order to bridge the separation of sin and allow us to reclaim our birthright as sons and daughters of God. Therefore, it was only after his death and the atonement of this world that Christ was able to refer to his disciples as "brothers".
Mark 3:35 "For whoever does the will of God, he is my brother and sister and mother." This is much earlier than the given answer above.
scripture
If they are true disciples of Christ then they will call upon the Holy Spirit for guidance. For He speaks the mind and will of God.
33 CE
Zero. They had other names for him, such as "Teacher" and Peter called him "The Christ" but they never called him "Jesus".
Peter
For Catholics they are the substantial prescence of the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Jesus Christ. They represent Christ's sacrifice for humans on the cross and call to mind the Last Supper Jesus had with his disciples.
Year of introduction
They were the 12 disciples whom Jesus called.
All religions have disciples. A disciple is a follower of what ever religion they desire. Christian disciples follow Jesus Christ's teachings in the Bible. A disciple of Jesus has the responsibility to tell other people about Jesus Christ. In this way people can know what Jesus Christ did for the world and if called by God for salvation can respond to that call. Down through the centuries disciples of Christ have spread the Gospel of Jesus Christ and many people now have eternal life. Christians believe that Jesus is "the way, the truth and the life" and that no one comes to the Father (God) except through Jesus ( John 14:6).
After He is baptized by John, Jesus begins to call His disciples (John 1:35-51).
Why did Jesus call the disciples?Jesus called the disciples because He wanted followers. The disciples (Jesus' followers) set an example for people back in Biblical times. The disciples were very helpful (most of them anyways.)
When Christ first began his miracles, he had a small group of people, who the world call his disciples. That's just about when the religion started, but it took off again around the time of the Protestant Reformation.