In egalitarian societies, there is a more equal distribution of power, resources, and status among members, without significant hierarchies. On the other hand, ranked societies have clear hierarchies and social classes, with some individuals or groups holding more power, wealth, and prestige than others.
egalitarian
The four characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies are small in scale, nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle, egalitarian social structure, and a reliance on natural resources for sustenance.
Hunter-gatherer societies benefited from intimate knowledge of their environment, strong social bonds within small groups, and a more diverse diet leading to better health and nutrition. Their lifestyle allowed for a more egalitarian social structure compared to later agricultural societies.
Neolithic societies typically lived in small, agricultural villages consisting of simple mud-brick houses. These societies were often organized around kinship ties and shared responsibilities for farming and animal husbandry. Social structures were likely egalitarian, with decision-making based on consensus within the community.
The main difference is that in ranked societies, individuals hold different social statuses and power levels, leading to hierarchical structures and unequal distribution of resources, while in egalitarian societies, there is more emphasis on equality, with individuals having similar access to resources and status within the community.
Social hierarchies in neolithic societies were more pronounced due to the development of agriculture, which led to the accumulation of wealth and power in the hands of a few individuals. This contrasted with preneolithic societies, which were typically more egalitarian and based on kinship relations rather than wealth or status. Additionally, neolithic societies often had specialized roles and professions, further solidifying social stratification.
No. Chiefdoms started because of a need for control of distribution and exchange.
Hunter-gatherer societies typically exhibit nomadic lifestyles, where they move to follow available resources. They tend to have egalitarian social structures, with decision-making based on consensus. Their economy is primarily based on foraging and hunting for food resources.
Paleolithic societies were typically organized in small groups of hunter-gatherers, with roles and tasks based on gender and age. Leadership was often informal, with elders or skilled individuals advising the group. These societies were largely egalitarian, with limited social hierarchy and shared resources.
In hunter-gatherer societies, social stratification is typically minimal or non-existent, with more egalitarian social structures. In horticultural societies, social stratification may emerge due to the accumulation of surplus resources and an increase in societal complexity, leading to the development of classes or hierarchies based on wealth, power, or prestige.
The answer is: everywhere. Even where there is no 'formal' elevated social class like the nobility, every country - even declared egalitarian societies like North Korea and China - has a political and moneyed elite.