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When navigators wanted to be able to measure angles that were larger than about 60 degrees and the older octant wasn't long enough to do it.

An octant has an arc of one eighth of a circle. (From the Latin prefix "octo" for eight.) The device uses a mirror as a doubling tool, so in theory an octant could measure one fourth of a circle, or 90 degrees, but there's some overlap in the mechanism and you don't get the full 90 degrees. The sextant is one-SIXTH of a circle (Latin "sextus" for six), and with doubling (and the overlap) allows you to measure more than 90 degrees.

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14y ago

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