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Mostly muzzle loaded smooth bore guns and cannons. Bayonets were also useful and officers carried swords.
The USS Monitor was armed with two eleven inch smooth-bore Dahlgren cannons. The original plans were for breech loading cannons, but none were available at the time. The ship needed to be launched as soon as possible.Heavy steel doors covered the ports during reloading.
Rifled bore and Smooth bore
Yes it could be done, but you would have to locate a smooth bore barrel to change it with. Remember smooth bore barrels are not as accurate as a rifled bore barrel.
Almost any Combination BB & Pellet rifle is smooth bore. BB rifles usually are Smoothe bore. The Crosman model 760 is such a rifle and can be purchased at most sportingood stores. Look at the packaging and it will say Smooth bore. Smooth bore barrels are less accurate than rifled bore barrels. Cabelas, Basspro, Big5 and Sports Authority usually carry them.
Needs to be checked out by a good gunsmith
A muzzle loader shotgun
Training.
Rifled, unless you have one marked "shot only"
Yes
smooth bore
smooth bore