When the population is small
or
When there is no gene flow
Small population, germ line mutation, beneficial mutation that gets into many progeny and a good deal of luck.
There is no gene flow.
A mutation would have the most impact on allele frequency in a condition where it confers a significant survival or reproductive advantage, such as in situations of strong natural selection or environmental change. For example, in a population facing a new disease, a mutation that grants resistance could rapidly increase in frequency. Additionally, if the mutation leads to a drastic change in phenotype that enhances mating success, it could also quickly alter allele frequencies through sexual selection. Overall, the strength of selection pressure and the context of the environment are critical in determining the mutation's impact.
There is no gene flow - APEX
The BRCA2 mutation is associated with a variety of mutations across its gene. However, most commonly, the mutation is found in one allele of the BRCA2 gene located on chromosome 13.
A mutation would have the most impact on allele frequency in option A, where the population is large. In a large population, mutations can introduce new alleles, and if these alleles confer a selective advantage, they can spread quickly due to the reduced effects of genetic drift. In contrast, options B and C involve movement and gene flow, which can dilute the effects of mutations by mixing alleles from different populations. Option D is incomplete, but generally, smaller populations would have a more pronounced effect from genetic drift than large ones.
The trait occurs by mutation.
No one knows what effect a mutation may have. Most are not viable.
Allele frequencies can change in a rat population through genetic drift, natural selection, gene flow, and mutations. These can lead to an increase or decrease in the frequency of certain alleles within the population over time.
Generally, gene frequency will not change significantly unless the mutation is successful and advantageous enough that it is heavily selected in the population. Since most mutations result in failure of the organism to thrive (death, reproductive failure, etc.) they have little or no effect on a population's gene frequencies. Even if the mutation has no apparent detrimental effects it will, itself remain in the population at a low frequency unless it enhances the organism's ability to reproduce within the population.
Evolution. Certain ones of the insect species will have resistance to the insecticide due to mutation and these organisms will survive and reproduce, thus conferring this resistance on to their offspring. The change in allele frequency, the definition of evolution.
New alleles are the result of mutation. When that allele appears in the population, it is at a very low frequency, and can be lost very easily. For example, consider an allele arising in an individual. Half of his gametes will contain the allele. Therefore, his offspring (assuming, of course, he finds a mate and has any offspring at all) only have a 50% chance of carrying the allele. If he from a species with low fecundity, there is a very good possibility that none of his offspring will have the allele and it will be lost from the population. It is estimated that only 1/3 of new mutations make it into the next generation because most are lost due to chance factors.
Mutation serves up the variation in morphology and behavior that natural selection promotes, against the immediate environment, to better survival and, most especially, reproductive success. The organism that is selected thus has more progeny than it's conspecifics and changes the allele frequency in it's population of organisms, and this is evolution,