The action that the muscle is to do will be ineffective. They usually don't get "long".
Atrophy
If you are ill for a long time, your muscles can become weak and atrophy can occur.
The muscles will atrophy (shrink) if not used.
They contract
you excersise
contrast
you will die
you exhale (:
Im not expert, but isn't it the diaphragm and rib muscles, the muscles between the ribs, internal and external intercostals.
What happens when a muscle shortens is that it is contracting. This is when the fibers of the muscles generate tension.
Like with any muscle, your body constantly supplies nutrients, even when you're asleep. If you don't use it, its almost like putting gas in a car and not driving it. Eventually your body or "the gas station" will stop putting fuel into your muscles. It makes using your muscles hard when you decide to use them again. If you decide not using them for a long long long long time, eventually your muscles will begin to atrophy or deteriorate.
The internal intercostal muscles relax and the external intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribcage upwards and outwards.