No.
You must take into account the mass of the objects AND the specific heat of the objects.
current decrease
No. Total momentum always remains constant. Therefore, if the momentum of one object decreases, the momentum of another must needs increase.
entropy of the universe
Basically, always. There is no known way to create energy where there was none before (or to increase or decrease the amount of energy).
As indicated by the Ideal Gas Laws, increasing temperature will tend to increase both volume and pressure. Of course, volume can't always increase, that depends upon the flexibility or inflexibility of the container that the gas is in, and if the volume does increase that will counteract the increase in pressure that would otherwise have happened. Temperature, pressure, and volume are all interconnected in a gas.
No. You must take into account the mass of the objects AND the specific heat of the objects.
No. The energy you might be referring to is kinetic energy which is the energy possessed by individual water molecules. An increase in kinetic energy will be percieved as and increase in temperature. Similarly a decrease in kinetic energy will be percieved as a decrease in temperature.
Mass of any chemical, in Chemistry, is always constant, no matter how much you change the conditions.
current decrease
The Ideal Gas Law states that PV=nRT, where P=pressure, V=volume, n=number of moles of gas, R=the relativity constant, and T=temp in Kelvin. According to this law, volume (V) varies as V=(nRT)/P. Using this, we can determine that the volume would normally increase with an increase in the number of moles and/or an increase in the temperature and/or a decrease in pressure. Therefore, we can logically determine that the volume of a gas would decrease in the instance of increasing temperature if either the number of moles of gas was decreased or the pressure was increased (to an extent where the level of volume increase by temperature change has been overcome.)
No. Total momentum always remains constant. Therefore, if the momentum of one object decreases, the momentum of another must needs increase.
Yes. Adding heat will increase temperature.
No, they do not. If the first term is negative, they always decrease.
entropy of the universe
With the increase in temperature if the resistance increases or the current in the circuit decreases then it is said to be have positive temperature coefficient .But in semi-conductors with the increase in temperature the electrons present in the valance band are excited and they would enter the conduction band for conduction . As the no. of charge carriers always increase in a semi-conductor , implies that the current always increases with the increase in temperature so the semi-conductor can never have positive temperature coefficient
No. A 2nd story floor doesn't have to always be colder than the first. It might even be warmer because heat rises and would get trapped. But if you're talking very large distances and very large areas, then in general, yes temperature will generally increase as you descend from very high altitudes.
direct variation or positive correlation.