Metamorphic rock i think?
When a plate is pushed under an adjacent plate, the process is called subduction. The subducted crust melts into the core and is recycled. When the plate goes into the mantel it is heated to very high temperatures and turns into metamorphic rock.
Tectonics.
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Rift Valley
When plates within the Earth's crust bend and crack, faults are formed. Faults are fractures in the Earth's crust where movement has occurred along the break. These movements can be either vertical or horizontal, causing earthquakes.
Ophiolites are typically formed at mid-ocean ridges, where tectonic plates are diverging and new oceanic crust is created through volcanic activity. They can also be found in subduction zone environments, where oceanic crust is thrust onto continental crust due to tectonic plate movements. This process can cause sections of the oceanic crust, including mantle material, to be emplaced onto land. Ophiolites serve as important geological records of the oceanic crust and mantle processes.
Gulfs are found around the edges of oceans. They are usually formed by movements of tectonic plates under Earth's crust.
The force driving the process of pulling dense pieces of oceanic crust downward towards the mantle is gravity. As oceanic crust cools and becomes denser, it sinks into the mantle due to gravitational forces. This process is known as subduction.
Synclines are formed by the downward folding of rock layers in a trough-like structure. This folding occurs due to compressional forces in the Earth's crust, causing the layers to bend downward. Over time, erosion and other geological processes may further shape and expose the syncline.
The mountains around the valley formed, creating the valley. The Central Valley formed as the mountains rose, the crust forming the Central Valley's floor was bent downward. Slowly, a thick layer of sediment built up the entire valley floor.
This geological formation is called a syncline. It is a downward fold in the rock layers where the youngest layers are in the center and the oldest are on the outside.
fault block