At the beginning of a sentence.
No, you should not. You should only capitalize a word when it is at the start of a sentence or when it is a proper noun.
Yes, you should capitalize the word after a comma in a sentence.
No.
Yes it should be capitalized.
Yes, you should capitalize the word "Corporate" when it is part of a proper noun or title. For example: Corporate Headquarters.
The board member's name should be capitalized. Board member, itself, should only be capitalized if it directly precedes the name of the member.
It is capitalized at the beginning of the sentence or when it forms part of the proper noun. Example: Federal Reserve Board
Yes
Yes, you should capitalize the word "scurvy" if it is the first word in a sentence or if it is part of a proper noun or title.
Yes, you should capitalize the word "Figure" when referring to a figure in a paper.
Yes, if you're referring to the concept of Fate as a proper noun, then you should capitalize it. For example, in the phrase "believer in Fate," the word should not be capitalized.
In a title, you should capitalize all words except for short conjunctions like "for," "and," "but," and "or" unless they are the first or last word in the title.