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The atmosphere is actually warmer near the surface because the sun's rays are warming the physical earth, not the air directly. The atmosphere is then heated through convection from the warmed earth. As the warmer air rises, it expands and cools off.
what is most of the air in the atmosphere made up of
Today??? It's cold (vapor pressure is lower) and clear (the air has shed [rain or warmed up] some of the water vapor it contained when it came in off the Pacific ocean0.
Hot air balloons float because hot air displaces cool air in the atmosphere
The suns energy
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Warm front
decreases i think
thermosphere