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Before it reaches the ground a developing tornado is known as a funnel cloud.
Funnel clouds are the result of rotation in thunderstorms, induced by wind shear, becoming tighter and more intense, stretching toward the ground. If the rotation reaches the ground it is considered a tornado. See the relate question for a more detailed explanation on the formation of tornadoes and the storms that cause them. The visible funnel itself is a consequence of the pressure drop inside the vortex. Air enterin the vortex experiences a rapid drop in pressure which in turn causes a drop in temperature. This temperature drop causes the moisture in the air to condense into tiny droplets, forming a cloud.
No. A tornado starts in the clouds and extends towards the ground. Until it reaches the ground it is not a tornado but a funnel cloud.
"meteorite"
Surface temperature is the temperature on the outside of the object. For example the surface temperature of the Earth is the Ground temperature and the surface temperature of an orange is the rind not the pips.
When the temperature comes down to the dew point, the air can support no more water vapour and the dew begins to to form. Air can absorb more water vapour as the temperature rises, so the difference between the dew point and the actual temperature gives a measure of the humidity.
I think your referring to Dew point. When the outside temperature is cool enough for moisture in the air to condense on the ground. That has to do with humidity and ambient air temperature
fogfog
Snow forms when the atmospheric temperature is at or below freezing and there is enough moisture in the air. But the temperature at the ground level may be warmer, sometimes above freezing.
It depends on the on what sphere of the atmosphere you are talking about. At ground level (troposhere) it gets colder as altitude rises. Once the altitude reaches the stratosphere the temperature becomes warmer then cools down again as it reaches the stratopause, and continues to decline as altitude increases in the mesophere until the mesopause. The temperature then rises significantly when the altitude is high enough to be considered the thermosphere.
The general answer is that fog is caused by condensation of water in the atmosphere. It's like a cloud, except that the cloud is in contact with the ground. That's what fog is. Air has moisture in it, and the amount varies. Also, the amount of moisture that air can hold varies as a function of temperature. The warmer it is, the more moisture that air can hold. But if it cools off, air can't hold as much. Fog forms when the temperature drops to the point where the air cannot hold all the moisture in it at that temperature. This at 100% relative humidity, which is called the dew point. Fog begins to form as air, which had previously been warmer and had moisture in it, cools until it reaches the dew point. Then we'll see tiny droplets of water forming in the air close to the ground, which is fog. A link can be found below.
Basically it forms rain when the temperature is warm enough. It forms snow when the temperature is below freezing. When moisture in the atmosphere clings to air borne dust particles, they becoming too heavy to stay floating in air. So they fall to the ground as either rain or snow.
If by different you mean clearer, then its because there is less humidity or atmospheric moisture in the cooler winter than in the warmer summer evenings. This causes less distortion of the night sky. When the temperature is cool enough the moisture will settle on the ground as frost and this is the best time for stargazing.
Fog is caused by a drop of temperature when the air is moist. Air always has some moisture in it. On a warm day there will be quite a lot of moisture in the air caused by evaporation of surface water or transpiration from plants. However, if the temperature drops the moisture starts to condense into droplets big enough to cause light scatter. We call this size water droplets low to the ground - fog. Early morning fog often clears as the sun hits it due to the re-evaporation of the water.
Before it reaches the ground a developing tornado is known as a funnel cloud.
Before it reaches the ground a developing tornado is known as a funnel cloud.
Moisture, soil fertility, growing days, soil type, and air/ground temperature.