It is winter, which begins when the pole is pointed furthest away from the sun.
Winter
Yes
Yes
At the winter solistice.
Summer
When it is winter in Australia the south pole of the Earth is pointed away from the Sun so the north pole must be pointed towards the Sun making it summer in the Northern hemisphere where New York is located. Since Paris is also in the Northern hemisphere it must be summer there too.
Summer
sure
It would be winter.
winter
summer
The winter solstice