Near end crosstalk
A 100BASE-T Ethernet signal, which operates at 100 Mbps, requires four wires in a twisted pair configuration. Specifically, it uses two pairs of wires (one pair for transmitting data and one pair for receiving). This setup is commonly implemented using Category 5 (Cat 5) cabling.
That's just two wires twisted together, one carrying a signal and the other carrying the ground for that same signal.
The usual twisted copper pair of wires has limited bandwidth because the signal frequencies attenuate the longer the wire is due to electromagnetic radiation and due to conversion of signal energy to heat. Coaxial cable is much better on these two factors as well as shielding the signal from external noise
You may need a "return" for the signal. If you do not the other wire is twisted in various configurations along the length to reduce crosstalk and signal leakage. It is easier to balance capacitive loads,
Twisted pair wiring is a digital signal.Coaxial cable is an analog signal.
When any digital signal is transmitted over a pair of wires, it degrades in amplitude. Regenerative repeaters receives the incoming signal, extracts the clock, then regenerates the original signal as a clean digital square wave as if it was the original signal transmitted from the source. Thus the name repeater.
A shielded twisted pair or STP is a copper telephone cable that secures signal-carrying wires inside a conducting shield. It main purpose is to reduce the possibility of electromagnetic intrusion.
This is a description of twisted pair cable, which is commonly used in network and telephone wiring. The color-coding helps to identify the pairs and reduce crosstalk. The copper wires are insulated to prevent short-circuits and maintain signal integrity.
Twisted pair wire is placed inside a thin metallic shielding, similar to aluminum foil, and is then enclosed in an outer plastic casing. The shielding provides further electrical isolation of the signal-carrying pair of wires. Shielded twisted pair wires are less susceptible to electrical interference caused by nearby equipment or wires and, in turn, are less likely to cause interference themselves. Because it is electrically "cleaner," shielded twisted pair wire can carry data at a faster speed than unshielded twisted pair wire can. The disadvantage of shielded twisted pair wire is that it is physically larger and more expensive than twisted pair wire, and it is more difficult to connect to a terminating block.
There are 4 pairs, 8 wires in total.
cross talk
On mine, there are a pair of horns. The push in connector goes into the first horn has a black and a greeen pair of wires. Wiring goes from the first horn to the second with two black wires.