544 million years ago was the Proterozoic era. This was before visible life on the planet. This long ago the inhabitants wouldn't necessarily leave a fossil. If there is a lack of fossil evidence after this that means there was a mass extinction in this part of the world, and nothing survived to have children to leave fossils. Eventually another species will migrate in but until that happens there would be no fossil evidence.
It isn't. At least not by Earth scientists! There is no reason based on the evidence to believe that there are significant void spaces (i.e. caverns) within the mantle (despite what you might see in films such as "The Core").
I believe the reason behind using specific gravity is that it is easier to measure (especially when you're measuring it for a solid).
solar winds and believe it or not wave erosion (scientists have found evidence of lake beds on mars)
Almost all Jewish scientists, like almost all Gentile scientists, accept the Big Bang as the correct description of our Universe. The only people who accept Genesis are Biblical literalists, and they do so in spite of scientific evidence. There is no serious evidence whatsoever to support a Universe that has existed for only a few thousand years. That being an irrefutable fact, I seriously doubt there are many Jewish scientists that are Biblical literalists.
why do scientists believe explains the increased density of material deeper into the mantle
It means scientists don't believe something unless there's significant evidence, theoretical or experimental, that strongly suggest or prove it
food
There is no evidence of that, in fact most scientists believe it is expanding.
Scientists believe from geological evidence that humans originated in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Tanzania.
Because there is no credible evidence to indicate they have.
this is true:)
It isn't. At least not by Earth scientists! There is no reason based on the evidence to believe that there are significant void spaces (i.e. caverns) within the mantle (despite what you might see in films such as "The Core").
It was Alfred Wegener but other scientists did not believe him but he found evidence
They believe that the evidence point to this group of people living in Africa.
Some people believe in that theory, but some people believe in Adam and Eve. Scientists claim that they have found evidence that we started from apes.
Simply put, because there is not enough evidence to support it. "Rejected by scientists" should not be taken to always mean "scientist believe it is impossible" - rather, consistent evidence that support the hypothesis has not been produced.
I believe the reason behind using specific gravity is that it is easier to measure (especially when you're measuring it for a solid).