It's time for a quick Amestris history lesson. Think back to the war in Ishval. Lots of people died, and even more were injured. Many lost limbs. Prosthetic technology developed very quickly to help crippled people get moving again. Rush Valley became the automail capital of Amestris.
The exact date is never mentioned, but if you check the episodes in the third arc (3rd theme song, Golden Time Lover) during the part where the Elrics visit Briggs, there is a scene where the year of the Ishvalan Civil War is mentioned. You probably could estimate a year when automail is developed from that.
No, Pinako and Winry took Wrath and gave him automail limbs since Edward was supposed to get his back, but he lost them once again trying to bring Alphonse's body back. Wrath ended running away once they finished his automail.
# 9 "Created Feelings"
FullMetal is the name given to Ed by the State when he passes the test to become a state alchemist. he gets this name because of his automail. Hiromu Arakawa (the author of FMA) has said in an interview that she got the name Fullmetal from the movie "Full Metal Jacket", and said that it just sounded cool.
Fma brotherhood episode 45 "the promised day"
The first fma had its own storyline and the second fma brotherhood follows the manga and they both have diffrent stories so there is no chance for a thrid season
Secret Rhythm of the Universe was created in 2001.
You Are the Universe was created on 1997-06-14.
The Catalogue of the Universe was created in 1985.
Planets of the Universe was created in 2001.
Pocket Universe was created in 1997.
Blasters of the Universe was created in 1993.
The Ambidextrous Universe was created in 1964.