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The 'christogram' called chi rho (chee ro) is used by some Christians, however, The Bible does not state who or when or even if it was used. It represents the first two letters of the Greek word for Christ which are superimposed in such a way as to produce this monogram.
Though many scholars now say the historian Lactantius' account of the soon to become Emperor of Rome - Constantine - used this symbol on the shields of his army fighting the rival General Maxentius (circa 312 AD) and win the day - is not substantiated to be the 'chi rho.'
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What does P on an X symbolize in baptism?
The letters are not 'P' nor 'X'. This symbol - a very ancient secret symbol of Christianity is known as the 'Chi-Rho' sign. It was used, along with an anchor and a fish as secret symbols used to identify Christians if two people met secretly, during the time in the early Church when being identified as a Christian meant almost certain death in the Roman arena fighting gladiators or lions. These letters are actually the Greek letters 'Chi' χ and 'Rho' ρ These two letters were the first two letters of the name 'Christos' (Ch + R) meaning 'Christ'. Nowadays the ChiRho signis used throughout churches as a Christian symbol, much in the same was as a fish or even a cross.
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