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vaporization, specifically evaporation.
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When water boils some of its molecules have enough what to overcome the attraction of neighboring molecules?
kinetic energy
What happens to the molecules in a liquid when it melts?
When a solid melts, intermolecular forces that were holding the molecules tightly together are overcome by the kinetic energy introduced by heating the substance. All of the molecules are still present; they are just more widely dispersed and can move more freely, causing the fluid properties of liquids.
Is it true or false that particles in a liquid don't have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractive forces between them and vaporize?
It is true
How does the kinetic theory explain Brownian motion?
The molecules are in a state of constant motion. The particles exert attractive force on one another. The particles possess kinetic energy due to their motion.
How does evaporation?
Evaporation is a spontaneous phenomenon. The molecules in the liquid possess kinetic energy. All the molecules donot possess the same kinetic energy. The molecules with higher kinetic energy are on the surface of liquids. They can readily overcome the intermolecular attractions and escape into the atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as evaporation. As the molecules with higher kinetic energy keep on escaping the whole kinetic energy of the liquid is lowered. Since energy is directly proportional to temperature. Thus evaporation causes cooling effect.
How is the temperature of a substance related to attraction between molecules and its states?
Gases have the most kinetic energy and the least attraction exists between its molecules. Liquids have the middle amount of kinetic energy and middle attraction. Solids have the least kinetic energy and most attraction exists between its particles. The answer above isn't totally accurate, although it is mostly right. However, the attraction between molecules DOES NOT CHANGE WITH TEMPERATURE. What changes is how much energy the atoms/molecules have to overcome that attraction. The higher the temperature, the more energy the molecules have, and therefore the less the attractive force between will actually pull them together. As an example, consider a space rocket. The force of gravity on the rocket is constant. However, when the rocket is launched, the rocket's engines overcome the attractive force of gravity (by accelerating in the opposite direction) and therefore the rocket takes off. The attractive force doesn't change -- but the rocket's engines are more powerful than that attraction. In the same way, the increased temperature doesn't change the attraction, but it allows the molecules to overcome it. Other example. Image you are rolling down a hill on a bicycle. In the middle of the downhill, there is a rise. Because you have speed from going downhill, this slight uphill section doesn't stop you. However, the slight uphill is still there! It just doesn't stop you because you are already going fast. But it still affects you.
What reactants are capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction that must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier?
Fast moving reactant molecules or basically reactant molecules with a lot of kinetic energy.
How does evaporation occur?
Evaporation is a spontaneous phenomenon. The molecules in the liquid possess kinetic energy. All the molecules donot possess the same kinetic energy. The molecules with higher kinetic energy are on the surface of liquids. They can readily overcome the intermolecular attractions and escape into the atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as evaporation. As the molecules with higher kinetic energy keep on escaping the whole kinetic energy of the liquid is lowered. Since energy is directly proportional to temperature. Thus evaporation causes cooling effect.
Why do molecules evaporate?
Molecules in a liquid must overcome intermolecular forces before they can evaporate. The molecules must also be moving in the right direction and located near the surface in order for evaporation to occur.
Do molecules have the lowest average kinetic energy in a plasma?
No. Molecules have the lowest average kinetic energy in a solid. Plasma is the highest average kinetic energy.
What is the average kinetic energy of all the molecules in an object is?
The average kinetic energy of all the molecules in an object is the temperature.
Why does a gas vessel fill completely?
Because gas molecules have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractive forces between the molecules. The gas molecules are traveling in all sorts of directions, so they naturally will fill a container. In essence if the container isn't closed gas particles that find their direction to be towards the hole will then escape. They will continue to escape until the system reaches equilibrium and the amount of gas incoming to the container equals the amount of gas escaping.
