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due to refraction If the pencil is vertical, then it shouldn't look broken.
Because of refraction of light
Your eye is interpreting the path taken by the light that reflects off the pencil.
Refraction bends the light, making the straw appear to be broken.
Physically, the pencil remains a straight pencil. Optically, due to the refraction effect of water, the pencil will appear to be bent.
due to refraction If the pencil is vertical, then it shouldn't look broken.
Because of refraction of light
Your eye is interpreting the path taken by the light that reflects off the pencil.
Physically, the pencil remains a straight pencil. Optically, due to the refraction effect of water, the pencil will appear to be bent.
Refraction bends the light, making the straw appear to be broken.
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Such a material is GLASS.
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Any light rays crossing the air-water border will be refracted, that is, bent. So, objects above the water will appear displaced. In other words, they will appear to be where they are not. You can see this phenomenon by placing a pencil in a glass of water. The pencil appears broken and discontinuous. This optical illusion is due to refraction.
One example of refraction of light is a rainbow and a broken pencil when placed in a glass of water.
As water is a denser medium compared to air refraction occurs. Refraction causes the light to be bent before reaching our eyes. Hence, pencil looks broken.