Electrons are elementary particles that have not been further subdivided by any accelerator or experiment in modern physics. String theory, of course, predicts that electrons could be made of smaller vibrating strings.
16.546 valence electrons are located in all rare earth elements.
Periodic table lists the elements in the increasing order of atomic number. Atomic number = Number of protons = Number of electrons
Valence electrons for elements in the same group are the same because they are located in the outermost energy level of an atom. This common number of valence electrons is what gives elements within a group similar chemical properties.
The elements that have the same number of valence electrons are located in a group.The group number from the Periodic Table relates to the number of electrons in the valence shell.For example, elements in group 1 (H, Na, Li, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) all have 1 valence electrons and elements in group 7 (Cl, F, I, Br) have 7 valence electrons in its outer shell.
6A elements, also known as group 16 elements, have 6 valence electrons. This is because they are located in group 16 of the periodic table, which corresponds to the number of valence electrons. Examples of 6A elements include oxygen, sulfur, and selenium.
The family of elements that has 4 valence electrons is the carbon family, which includes carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb). These elements are located in Group 14 of the periodic table.
Elements like calcium located toward the top of a group have a high attraction for their valence electrons because they have a relatively low atomic size and therefore a stronger effective nuclear charge. This results in a greater tendency for these elements to attract and hold onto their valence electrons.
Elements like francium, located at the bottom of a group in the periodic table, have a lower attraction for their valence electrons due to increased shielding and greater atomic radius. As additional electron shells are added, the inner electrons repel the outermost electrons, reducing the effective nuclear charge felt by these valence electrons. Consequently, this diminished attraction makes it easier for these elements to lose their valence electrons, resulting in higher reactivity.
16.546 valence electrons are located in all rare earth elements.
Group 2 elements have 2 valence electrons. This is because they are located in group 2 of the periodic table, which corresponds to the number of valence electrons in the group. Examples of group 2 elements include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.
All of the members of the carbon family have 4 valence electrons.
Boron is located in group 3A. It is group 13 in modern notation. This set of elements have three valence electrons.Boron is in the 13th group in the periodic table. Elements in this group has 3 electrons in the outermost energy level. That means they have 3 valence electrons.