You can purchase cheap disposable digital cameras from a variety of locations in Japan. There are vending machines available in the city area, you can go to a convenience or electrical store, or you can order them online.
Principally China, Singapore and Japan.
Finepix is a camera series which is produced by the manufacturer Fujifilm. The company, on the other hand, is from Japan and have their production established both in Japan as well as over seas in the U.S.
Japan
Japan
Cheaper in Japan
japan manufactors cars, radios and cameras for a living
Casio is a electronics manufacturer from Japan that was founded in 1946. In 1995, they manufactured the world's first digital camera, paving the way towards the great photography industry.
Nikon was founded in 1917 in Japan, with Makoto Kimura as the current president. Nikon produced the its first digital camera for NASA in 1991. There is no single person responsible for the production of the first Nikon Digital Camera; it was a company-wide effort.
Shopping in Japan usually costs more than in the States. However, consumer electronics, such as digital cameras, MP3/4, game players, etc. are popular items for international visitors.
I believe Japan.
The concept behind mobile phone cameras and digital cameras are fundamentally the same, but as far as their components go, digital cameras remain superior. Camera phones can come close to the megapixel count of digital cameras (some mobile phones in Japan sport higher than 16MP cameras), but they can't really match other components like lenses, apertures, flash, and sensors. The main reason is that some components require more space than a mobile phone can allow. A real strobe flash ,for instance, is too big for mobile phones, thus they only use LED lights which aren't actual flashes. Lens quality is also an issue, but lenses from popular manufacturers (think Carl Zeiss) are usually better. Here's a good spot to learn more about cameras in mobile phones from an expert: http://www.phonerated.com/int-camera-phones-interview-page-1
Fujifilm cameras are produced in Japanese factories, and the factory headquarters are located in Tokyo, Japan. They are then shipped around the world to other vendors.