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Alfred marshall
Marshall
Marshall began his seminal work, the Principles of Economics, in 1881. Alfred Marshall was the first to develop the standard supply and demand graph demonstrating a number of fundamentals regarding supply and demand including the supply and demand curves, market equilibrium, the relationship between quantity and price in regards to supply and demand, law of marginal utility, law diminishing returns, and the ideas of consumer and producer surpluses. This model is now used by economists in various forms using different variables to demonstrate several other economic principles. Marshall's model allowed a visual representation of complex economic fundamentals where before all the ideas and theories were only capable of being explained through words. These models are now critical throughout the study of economics because it allows a clear and concise representation of the fundamentals or theories being explained.
In his ground-breaking treatise Principles of Economics (1890), Alfred Marshall promoted the neoclassical premises of price, output, and production, which are the basis for the "supply and demand" theory of economics.
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there were many economists like pigou,marshall and dada bhai naoroji who said about demand and supply theory.
alfred Marshall demand curve from price consumption curve the demand and supply curves, are attributed to Alfred Marshal(a normal demand curve, slopes downwards from left to right : a negative slope , but a normal supply curve, slopes upwards from left to right : a positive slope) the shapes of the supply and demand curves, are derived from the ceteris assumption that 'all other factors like incomes of consumers, preferences, inferiority criteria, substitute-effect, government policies, prices of other goods, weather/season/festive-period goods, etc are held constant, the higher the price of a commodity, good or service, the lower it's quantity-demanded and vice versa, also, the higher the price of a commodity, good or service, the higher it's quantity supplied, and vice versa ; these are the first and second laws of demand and supply. Alfred marshal,defined economics, as the study of man,in the ordinary business of life.principles of economics (1890) ,he supported the application of mathematics to economics. He identified the producer's rent, from the diagram
Alfred Marshall, (born July 26, 1842, London, England—died July 13, 1924, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire), one of the chief founders of the school of English neoclassical economists and the first principal of University College, Bristol (1877–81).
Adam Smith and David Ricardo
Adam Smith and David Ricardo
Adam Smith and David Ricardo
Alfred marshall made a heroic assumption of 'cetris paribus' which means other things being equal/constant in economics. This assumption he used for the theories he put forth viz. theory of demand,theory of supply,theory of diminishing marginal utility,etc. Most of his theories come under the sub field- micro economics. The assumption of cetris paribus is the main, there are many others for each law besides cetris paribus.