beneath earth's surface
Two types of igneous rock are intrusive (also called plutonic) and extrusive. There is also porphyry rock which is partly intrusive and partly extrusive. Porphyry rock has large crystals embedded in a mass of much smaller crystals. The large crystals formed underground as does intrusive rock, and were carried in lava when it erupted. The mass of smaller crystals formed around the large crystals when the lava cooled quickly above ground, as does extrusive rock.
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Large crystals are diagnostic of an intrusive igneous rock, as large crystals form as the source magma cools slowly.
Large crystals form when a rock cools from magma slowly whereas smaller crystale form when there is a slow rate of cooling
I don't know about the rest of the world, but in Sweden the main porphyry supplier is/was Älvdalen, Dalarna. I heard it's the place with the most porphyry in the world but I don't know if that's just the locals exaggerating.
porphyry
It's an igneous porphyry.
If igneous, it is called a porphyry.
Two types of igneous rock are intrusive (also called plutonic) and extrusive. There is also porphyry rock which is partly intrusive and partly extrusive. Porphyry rock has large crystals embedded in a mass of much smaller crystals. The large crystals formed underground as does intrusive rock, and were carried in lava when it erupted. The mass of smaller crystals formed around the large crystals when the lava cooled quickly above ground, as does extrusive rock.
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The type of igneous rock that has large crystals surrounded by smaller crystals is not a rock but a porphyritic texture. This texture describes igneous rock that has porphyrites, or large crystals, with surrounding tiny particles, or groundmass.
Large crystals are diagnostic of an intrusive igneous rock, as large crystals form as the source magma cools slowly.
The variety of igneous rock that is called porphyry is usually formed when sections of magma rise up from the Earth's mantle and cool down. As the magma slowly cools down in the crust, large crystals are created (phenocrysts). Then the magma cools far more quickly as it is ejected through the crust, for example, in a volcanic eruption. This fast cooling freezes any new crystals into solid rock, which prevents them from becoming large. These large and small crystal grains are characteristic of porphyry rocks. The links below describe the origin of porphyry deposits in detail.
Large crystals form when a rock cools from magma slowly whereas smaller crystale form when there is a slow rate of cooling
Answer: Crystals usually form from molten rock as the molten rock gradually cools. If the molten rock cools very rapidly, then either small crystals form or no crystals form. An example of this is when lava is ejected from a volcano. If molten rock cools slowly, then large crystals can form. This happens usually when the molten material is very deep in the Earth. Examples of these types of crystals are diamonds, emeralds, rubies, etc.
A hollow rock with crystals might be called a geode. A geode is a type of sedimentary rock that has crystals formed inside due to volcanic heating and cooling or by other chemicals seeping into the rock.
I don't know about the rest of the world, but in Sweden the main porphyry supplier is/was Älvdalen, Dalarna. I heard it's the place with the most porphyry in the world but I don't know if that's just the locals exaggerating.