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On the celestial sphere there is a line that goes all the way round, called the ecliptic. It is the apparent path of the Sun against the background stars, as the Earth revolves in its orbit. The ecliptic is not the same as the equator (the two planes are inclined by 23½ degrees) but it crosses the equator at two points.

The ecliptic defines the plane of the Earth's orbit, because actually the Sun stays where it is while the Earth revolves.

The other planets' orbits are almost exactly in the same plane as the Earth's, which means that all the planets stay close to the ecliptic all the time.

So a planet's position is pretty well defined by its longitude on the ecliptic, measured from a special point called the First Point of Aries, which is where the Sun is at the Spring Equinox. It is a direction defined by the intersection of two planes, the Earth's equator and the ecliptic.

Unfortunately this fixed direction, which is used as the basis of the geocentric spherical-coordinate system (right-ascension and declination), is not itself actually fixed, but it moves right round the ecliptic every 25,000 years, so star atlases have to be redrawn and republished every 50-100 years.

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Q: Where do all the planets orbits occur on the celestial sphere?
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