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Your eye is interpreting the path taken by the light that reflects off the pencil.
Because of refraction of light
Because when light encounters the surface of a windowpane made of glass, a portion of the light energy reflects from the glass surface and returns whence it came, and the remainder of the light energy proceeds through the glass.
As light hits the water it is slowed down. As the light above the water is going at 3x108 m/s, and the light in the water is going considerably slower, the image of the pencil looks like it is split in two. This is called 'refraction'.
Change in speed of the light in glass. Fermat showed that time is invariant in light paths. This results in Light following the Law of Signs. sin(Air Angle)/speed in air = sin( Glass Angle)/speed in glass .
when the pencil enters the water
ACTUALLY ! Its when the pencil enters the water .
The light will bend into an angle because of the shape of the glass and the location from which the light is coming from.
because the pencil take the a litte enrgy.
It will not change. Glass slows light but does not change it frequency.
Your eye is interpreting the path taken by the light that reflects off the pencil.
Because of refraction of light
i think it is glass
Light coming through unfiltered/untinted glass is Direct sunlight. Light coming through shade/screen/curtains, etc, is Indirect.
One example of refraction of light is a rainbow and a broken pencil when placed in a glass of water.
Nothing happens when the ray of light hits the pencil. But it bends when it crosses the boundary between the air and the water. Your brain ... thinking that the end of the pencil is in the same direction that the ray of light is coming from ... thinks that the part of the pencil under the water is in a place where it's not, so the pencil appears bent at the water line.
Light does not change speed when it goes through glass.