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What can viruses attach themselves to?
Viruses can attach themselves to host cells, bacteria, fungi, and other viruses for the purpose of infecting and replicating within these organisms. They require a specific receptor on the surface of the target cell to bind and gain entry for their replication process.
What is the part of the cell that viruses invade?
Viruses can infect animals, plants and bacteria, and the attachments vary. In animal viruses: Animal cells have a cell membrane. Viruses attach to certain proteins in that membrane. In plant viruses: Plants can also be infected with viruses. Since they have cell walls, viruses attach to those when infecting plants. In bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria): Special viruses called bacteriophages attach to the cell walls of bacteria by way of proteins.
Why the antibiotics are ineffective against viral diseases?
Antibiotics kill bacteria by recognising the antibodies secreted by the bacteria, then attach themselves to the bacteria and give out a signal calling for white blood cells (phagocytes) to eat up the bacteria. Viruses do not secrete the antibodies recognised by antibiotics as they do not resemble proper cells, therefore antibiotics cannot recognise viruses and thus they cannot be digested by phagocytes.
Antibodies work by attaching to the what making them useless?
Antibodies attach to antigens, which are foreign substances such as viruses or bacteria, to make them harmless by marking them for destruction by the immune system.
Do Bacteroiphages destroy other viruses?
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect and destroy bacteria, not other viruses. They attach to bacterial cells, inject their genetic material, and ultimately cause the bacteria to lyse, releasing new phage particles. While phages are effective against bacterial infections, they do not target or eliminate other viruses. Therefore, their role is primarily in bacterial control rather than viral destruction.
Can virus get a bacteria?
Yes- Bacterial viruses are called bacteriophages. Some examples are T4 and T7 phages. They are complex DNA viruses that attach themselves to the cell surface and then inject their DNA to the inside of the bacteria. Bacteria have enzymes called restriction enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites called restriction sites. These enzymes are the bacterium's defense against phages.
Antibodies are protein molecules that attach to?
specific foreign substances in the body, such as pathogens like bacteria or viruses. They help the immune system to identify and neutralize these harmful invaders.
Why can you not kill flu with antibiotics?
Antibiotics are only for killing bacteria, they do not work on viruses which are the cause of the flu. Bacteria are living organisms and so poisons and chemicals can actually kill them. But flu viruses are non-living organisms so they can not be killed, they can only be inactivated by damage or physical blocking by antibodies (made by our immune systems) of the shapes of the structures viruses use to attach to a host's cells. Viruses need a host's cells to use to reproduce, if they can not attach to the cells, they will be inactivated. Antibiotics are not capable of inactivating them.
What are viruses that attach to bacteria and inject their hereditary material?
Viruses that attach to bacteria and inject their hereditary material are known as bacteriophages, or phages. These viruses specifically target bacterial cells, attaching to their surface and injecting their DNA or RNA into the host. Once inside, the phage can hijack the bacterial machinery to replicate itself, often leading to the destruction of the bacterial cell in a process called lysis. Bacteriophages are important tools in molecular biology and have potential applications in phage therapy to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
What are some types of bacteria have cell walls?
All bacteria have cell walls. A cell wall outside the cell membrane is found in plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and archaea. This cell wall is often a target of antibiotics. Viruses also attach to the bacteria cell walls. The bacteria that have cell walls include staph and strep.
What site do viruses attach to?
They don't attach to sites, they attach to links or downloads. When you open up the software from a link or download, your computer is "infected."
What is the pathogen attacks specific cells and injects genetic materials?
Viruses attach specific cells and inject genetic material. There are viruses called bacteriophages that infect bacteria be injecting their genetic material into the bacterial host and invading their protein machinery. With animal viruses that infect animal cells (much larger than bacteria), the virus either injects genetic material OR gets into the cell whole before it begins to unleash its pathogenic effects
