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Ultimately the Sun!

The Sun heats water in lakes or over the surface of the oceans. This causes water to evaporate and go into the air and the heat from the sun causes this air to rise carrying the water with it- (it is the potential energy from the lifting of the water upwards that will become the hydroelectric energy).

Later the water condenses out of the air as rain and falls to the Earth. Some of this rain falls on high ground where it can be trapped by dams. The hydroelectric electricity is then extracted from this water as it moves through turbines under gravity to a lower height. However, the original energy came from the Sun.

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