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Dividends are subtracted from retained earnings at the end of the period.

Dividend is a distribution of profit to the shareholders. Net income is either retained within the firm (used to fund growth), or paid out as a dividend.

Retained earnings (profits that are retained) increases with net income, and decreases with dividends. Dividends is therefore included on the statement of retained earnings (the actual name of the statement may differ, for example it may be called 'movements in equity').

There may be a liability 'dividends payable' on the balance sheet. This is the unpaid portion (still payable) of the dividends at year's end. It is not safe to assume this equals total dividends (as some portion could already been paid).

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Q: Where does dividends belong in the elements of financial statements?
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