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bottleneck effect is an evolutionary event in which population size is radically reduced because of catastrophic events. founder effect occur when few individuals migrate from main population and establishes a separate population in new geographical location. both of these are special cases of genetic drift.
(In biology) The bottleneck effect happens when the size of a population or even an entire species is suddenly reduced, with lasting effects on at least one generation. A population bottleneck may occur after an epidemic, drought, fire, hunting, or other destructive events.
Model
bottleneck is a problem within a single system resource that affects the performance of the entire system. Bottlenecks can occur in any of the primary subsystems.Some reasons bottlenecks occur include:* Insufficient or malfunctioning subsystem. * Uneven workload between hardware components. * A program monopolizing a single resource. * Incorrect system configuration settings.For example, a publishing company must ship content at certain times of the month. If performance is poor at these times of the month, the systems administrators can see that this is a temporary state, so they do not need to analyze the problem. However, if performance is poor when very few users are logged on, administrators need to analyze that situation. When they review the logs, the administrators find that the hardware components are insufficient for the workload, so additional or upgraded components are required.
Not always, but it can occur and should be analysed and the appropriate softener or filter added
Layer 3
Hard starts, rough idle and stalling can occur. Adding a water remover can help until a new filter can be installed.
42-45. Model 10 designation did not occur for another 12 years.
The filter should be replaced if it is noticeably dirty or discolored. This will occur every six to twelve months depending upon usage.
If the orifice filter is plugged, you have much more serious problems with the air conditioner. Getting debris in the refrigerant lines can only occur when the compressor is failing.
The maturational model of development proposes that developmental changes occur at a relatively uniform pace. According to this model, individuals go through a predetermined sequence of stages, and their development follows a set timetable. This model suggests that biological factors play a crucial role in determining developmental milestones and that individual differences are minimal.
insertion loss the loss that occur the insertion of a device in transmit ion line or fiber .