chloroplasts in plants; mitochondria in animals
The electrons are passed down the electron transport chain for use in ATP production.
electron transport chain
electron transport chain
The high-energy electrons in the electron transport chain are derived from molecules like NADH and FADH2, which are generated during cellular respiration in processes like glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. These molecules donate their electrons to the chain, where they are passed down through a series of protein complexes to generate ATP.
High-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed along the electron transport chain
Hydrogen ions are pumped across the mitochondria's inner membrane producing a concentration gradient
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No. Hydrogen's electronegativity is too weak. At 2.5 hydrogen does not have the electronegativity to pull electrons down the electron transport chain.
The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to a relay race, where electrons are passed from one molecule to another in a stepwise fashion to generate energy. Just like how runners pass a baton to move forward, in the electron transport chain, electrons are passed along proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
Aerobic respiration is a cellular level process in which nutrients are changed into energy. The electrons that pass down the electron transport chain react with oxygen (thus, aerobic) and protons to form water.
as electrons from the Krebs cycle move down the electron transport chain energy level is reduced.
The series of molecules through which excited electrons are passed down a thylakoid membrane during photosynthesis is called the electron transport chain. This chain consists of various protein complexes and molecules, such as plastoquinone, cytochrome b6f complex, and plastocyanin, that work together to transfer electrons and generate a proton gradient used to produce ATP.