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When blood capillaries flow past cells, diffusion of oxygen, wastes, and nutrients occurs. This transfer maintains cellular homeostasis.
blood
oxygen and blood flow
Many fish use countercurrent exchange in their gills to transfer oxygen from the surrounding water into their blood. This system moves water flowing across the gills, in an opposite direction to the blood flowing in gill capillaries creating the maximum efficiency of gas exchange. This flow ensures that blood is always brought near to water having a higher oxygen concentration.
The lungs have this blood flow pattern. Low oxygen levels (hypoxia) cause vasoconstriction to redirect blood flow to well-ventilated areas of the lung, while high oxygen levels (hyperoxia) cause vasodilation to optimize oxygen exchange.
oxygen
Exercise increases blood flow to the brain. The brain needs oxygen to function, so the more blood flow, the more oxygen, the better the brain works.
No, oxygen does not dilate blood vessels. In fact, oxygen has a vasoconstrictive effect, which means it causes blood vessels to constrict or narrow. This helps regulate blood flow and pressure in the body.
Hemoglobin is the most important element for oxygen and CO2 transfer in blood. It binds with oxygen in the lungs to form oxyhemoglobin and carries it to tissues where it releases oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide.
There is an exchange with oxygen, nutrients, and carbon dioxide and water vapor.
The pulmonary circulation is the organ system that exhibits this pattern. Low oxygen levels in the blood cause vasoconstriction in the pulmonary arteries, directing blood flow towards better oxygenated areas. Conversely, high oxygen levels trigger vasodilation, allowing for increased blood flow to areas that need less oxygen.
I'm not quite sure how it would ENHANCE oxygen transfer, but hemoglobin itself is what is in blood and is responsible for the carrying of oxygen to different parts of the body. So the hemoglobin in a fetus would just be what is used to get the oxygen from the mothers blood into its blood.