in grandma land or on fantasy land
in space
in the solar system
Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in the solar system, can be found on Mars.
A star and more specifically, in our solar system, the Sun.
a white dwarf
One can find a good Solar System at several online sites. Among these online sites where one can find a Solar System are "Solarcity", and "Solarinstallco".
I don't think Nasa's understanding of the Solar System would, in principle, be much different from the understanding of the Solar System you can get from good astronomy books, or television programs. Except that people who work there would probably be informed about some more details - and know more about the math and physics - than you would normally find on popular television programs.
Because we live on it
the sun
We are in the solar system, so any where we look (except in the starry night sky, which you could see other galaxies), we can find the solar system.
The solar system is located in the Milky Way galaxy, specifically in one of its spiral arms called the Orion Arm. Earth is the third planet from the Sun in the solar system.
No. The closest known black hole to our solar system is about 1,600 light years away.