NADPH electrons are ultimately derived from the high-energy electrons transferred from nutrients such as glucose during cellular respiration. These electrons are transferred through a series of reactions that generate NADPH in the cell.
During photosynthesis, the electron acceptor is typically NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). NADP+ accepts electrons and protons to form NADPH, which carries the high-energy electrons produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis to the Calvin cycle for the synthesis of carbohydrates.
NADPH, which is reduced, is in a high form of free energy. Its low from of free energy is NADP+, which is oxidized. NADPH reaches its high state of free energy through the light reaction phase of photosynthesis. After photosystem 1 (PSI) Fd, which is an electron acceptor, reduces NADP+ turing it into NADPH by adding one proton (H+) and two electrons on to it. It is a more versatile energy source during the Calvin Cycle, the second stage of photosynthesis, than water because it has higher free energy and its energy is more accessible.
NADH is converted to NAD+ when it transfers high-energy electrons to the first electron carrier of the electron transport chain.
In photosystem I, electrons get their energy from the absorption of light by chlorophyll molecules. When light is absorbed, it excites the electrons in the chlorophyll, allowing them to move through a series of electron carriers in the photosystem to generate energy for the production of ATP and NADPH during photosynthesis.
The electrons released by P700 of PS-I in the presence of light are taken up by the primary acceptor and are then passed on to ferredoxin (Fd), plastoquinone (PQ), cytochrome complex, plastocyanin (PC) and finally back to P700 i.e., electrons come back to the same molecule after cyclic movement.
NADPH
NADPH becomes oxidized to NADP+, losing the electrons it carried. The electrons are typically used in cellular processes, such as in photosynthesis or cellular respiration, and NADP+ can then pick up more electrons to become NADPH again.
NADPH adds electrons to the Calvin-Benson cycle.
NADPH carries high-energy electrons used in anabolic reactions, such as biosynthesis and the reduction of compounds. It is an important cofactor in metabolic pathways like photosynthesis and fatty acid synthesis, providing reducing power for these processes.
The electrons that are passed to NADPH during noncyclic photophosphorylation were obtained from water. The ultimate electron and hydrogen acceptor in the noncyclic pathway is NADPH+.
NADPH
Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH... gotta love novanet right?
Photosystem 1
NADPH
In photosynthesis, electrons flow from water to photosystem II, then to photosystem I, and finally to NADP+ to produce NADPH. This flow of electrons is facilitated by the electron transport chain within the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.
NADP converts into NADPH through a process called reduction, where it gains electrons and a hydrogen ion to become NADPH. This conversion is essential for carrying out various cellular processes, such as photosynthesis.
The electron carrier in photosynthesis that donates electrons to CO2 for its conversion into sugar is NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). NADPH is produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and transfers high-energy electrons to the Calvin cycle to facilitate the fixation of CO2 into sugar molecules.