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In the electromagnetic spectrum, the longest waves are created by lightning strikes. These extend down to low audio frequencies - 10kHz and below. Natural phenomenon called Whistlers and Sferics demonstrate this. These have been picked up by satellites near Jupiter, thus proving that there is lightning on Jupiter.

These Very Low Frequencies are also used for communicating with submarines, for the penetration of an E-M wave into seawater is proportional to wavelength. Naturally the bandwidth is very low, so only pre-programmed messages may be sent, but that is compatible with the security levels desired.

These communications are usually below 30kHz, and several transmitter stations are used. There is a list of such transmitters in Wikipedia under VLF. Several of these radiate powers of a few megawatts to counter losses in the ocean.

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Vada Boyer

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11y ago

In the electromagnetic spectrum, the longest waves are created by lightning strikes. These extend down to low audio frequencies - 10kHz and below. Natural phenomenon called Whistlers and Sferics demonstrate this. These have been picked up by satellites near Jupiter, thus proving that there is lightning on Jupiter.

These Very Low Frequencies are also used for communicating with submarines, for the penetration of an E-M wave into seawater is proportional to wavelength. Naturally the bandwidth is very low, so only pre-programmed messages may be sent, but that is compatible with the security levels desired.

These communications are usually below 30kHz, and several transmitter stations are used. There is a list of such transmitters in Wikipedia under VLF. Several of these radiate powers of a few megawatts to counter losses in the ocean.

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Q: Where is long wave length radiation created?
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