at poles
It experiences maximum force when it is placed perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field.
The magnetic field is strongest at the poles of a magnet. It is where the magnetic field lines are most densely packed and the force exerted is at its maximum.
Magnetic flux through a surface is maximum when the direction of the magnetic field is in the same direction as the normal vector of the surface. In other words, the magnetic flux is maximum when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface area. That's why φ=BAcosθ, where θ is the angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the normal vector of the surface area. When the magnetic field is exactly the same direction as the normal vector (aka the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface), θ=0 and cosθ = 1, its maximum value. The closer θ is to 90 degrees (ie. the more parallel the direction of the magnetic field is to the surface area, or the less parallel the magnetic field is to the surfaces normal vector), the smaller cosθ is, and thus flux will decrease accordingly.
When the wire is perpendicular to the magnetic field, the force on the moving charges in the wire is maximized because the magnetic field exerts a force perpendicular to both the field and the direction of current in the wire. This results in the maximum Lorentz force acting on the charges in the wire, leading to the maximum overall force experienced by the wire.
The commutator in the Stewart and Gee's experiment is used to change the direction of the current flowing through the coil in the magnetic field, thus maintaining a unidirectional torque on the coil. This helps in making the coil rotate continuously without getting stalled due to the change in direction of the current.
1. The orientation giving the maximum magnetic flux would be 90 degrees or perpendicular to the magnetic field because that gives the maximum amount of magnetic field lines able to pass through the area of the coil. The greater density of field lines gives a greater magnetic field. The orientation that would give a magnetic flux of zero is the plane of the coil to be parallel to the magnetic field, making no lines pass through the coil and thus no flux.
The induced current is maximum when the axis of the conductor, its velocity, and the magnetic field lines are all mutually perpendicular.
The deflecting force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is maximum when the charge moves perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. This occurs because the magnetic force acting on the charge is proportional to the velocity of the charge and the strength of the magnetic field, reaching its maximum when the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field is 90 degrees.
If the magnetic field is made vertical in a sonometer experiment, the wire will vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. This is because the Lorentz force, which causes the wire to move, is perpendicular to both the current flowing in the wire and the magnetic field. This results in the wire moving up and down, or side to side, depending on the setup.
3
A radial magnetic field ensures that the plane of the coil (rotating within the magnetic field, in say a DC motor) is always flat within the external magnetic field ensuring maximum torque in (nearly) all positions. Hope this helps!
The amplitude of a light wave is the maximum displacement of the electric or magnetic field from its equilibrium position. It can be calculated by measuring the maximum value of the field intensity at a specific point in space. This value is usually expressed in terms of volts per meter for electric field or teslas for magnetic field.