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No, due to the shape of the earth you can not see the North Star below the equator.
Yes. The North Star is aligned with the celestial north pole.
Directly overhead.
You can see the North Star almost anywhere in the northern hemisphere, starting a few degrees north of the equator.
'Declination' of +30
From any location north of the Equator: The north star (Polaris) is in the sky, always due north of you, and always as many degrees above the horizon as your latitude north of the equator. It makes no difference what time you look for it, or where you are in an east or west direction.
counter-clock wise from east to west, as viewed from above the north pole.
Shakespeare says that love: is the star to every wandering bark, In Shakespeare's time, many ships used to navigate by plotting a course according to the Pole Star (which is always due North, when viewed from north of the Equator). Shakespeare says that love is as reliable as the Pole Star, you can steer your life by it.
The North Star is almost directly over the north pole, so it cannot be seen south of the equator.
It is not visible at or south of the Equator. Theoretically , it would appear on the horizon. Remember the Pole Star is overhead at 90 degree N. (The North Pole). So when you have reached the Equator, your angle has changed by 90 degrees because you are now at 0(zero) degrees. So viewing the sky Polaris (Pole Star) will has now changed its angle by 90 degrees. So from being overhead, a 90 degree angle will be the horizon. You don't see Polaris at the Equator, because of the density of the atmosphere, dust and dirt and moisture in the atmosphere.
riverhead
I believe it dates back to when the North Star was used to find latitude by ancient sailors. Degrees latitude was found by the angle between the North Star and the horizon. Since the North Star sits on the horizon at the equator the angle is zero therefore latitude is zero degrees.