paris
First were sailing ships, THEN steam ships.
Before the steam engine was widely used, land transportation mainly used animal power. People rode on horseback or in horse-drawn vehicles. For sea transportation, people relied on wind power to move sailing ships. The steam engine was invented many centuries before anyone figured out how to use it.
Before electricity, Coal was used for heat. Coal heat was used to create steam for steam engines on railroads and ships in transportation.
SS means Streamship.It is usually understood to mean "Steam Ship" Some ships used TSS for "Turbine Steam Ship"
Steam clippers were sailing ships that had a steam engine amidships to be used in the absence of wind. They were also able to maneuver around a harbor easier than a sailing vessel. There were several steam clippers of note. A link is posted to one of the more famous ones, a vessel that went down with a huge treasure aboard.
Most countries have some rivers on which steam ships were used. You need to state a specific country.
Some older ships used the power of steam to propel them through the water. A boiler is used to heat water to make steam which is passed to a steam engine which turns the propeller. In ships like the Titanic the boiler was fuelled by coal but later steam ships used gas to heat the water.
Coal
Convoys were used to destroy any U-boats that were in their way.
Trade winds were typically used by sailing ships such as the clipper ships, galleons, and merchant vessels. These ships relied on the steady and predictable trade winds to facilitate their voyages across oceans by harnessing the power of the wind to propel them forward.
You may be referring to the "trade winds".
Before the advent of the steam engine, crossing the Atlantic Ocean typically took about six to eight weeks, depending on the weather conditions and the type of sailing ship used. Some voyages could take longer, especially if ships encountered storms or had to navigate around obstacles. The journey duration varied significantly based on the route and seasonal factors.