Hebrews
They were first called the Hebrews, then Israelites, then Judaeans, then Jews.
No. In fact, the Hebrews never interacted with any group called "Mesopotamians" unless you are referring to Babylonians (whom the hebrews also did NOT defeat).
Abraham founded the idea of one God above all others; he didn't found the Hebrews. The Hebrews had been around for many thousands of years prior to Abraham.
the first group was Australopithecus Afarensis but the first hominid found from their group was Lucy.
The Afro-Asiatic group.
Hebrew is in the Afro-Asiatic Group, on the "East Semitic" branch.
They were the first group in the middle east to practice monotheism (or at least monolatry, which is an early form of monotheism).
Judaism
hebrews
the hebrews
The first king of the Hebrews was Saul. Then David, then Solomon.