Linux is not an operating system by itself. Just like you cannot install Windows you have to install Windows XP or Windows Vista. You can use the website in related links to find a list of active Linux Distributions. If I could recommend one I would recommend Linux Mint because it is easy to use.
If you mean IBM LinuxONE it is a set of services, not a distribution.
Yes. BackTrack is a Linux distribution that focuses on penetration testing and computer forensics.
No, Ubuntu is part of Linux.
Yes.
Ubuntu is a Linux distribution (as in a specific OS setup with the Linux kernel.)
Yes.
Scientific Linux is a Linux distribution. It is a free and open source operating system and aims to be as close to the commercial enterprise distribution as possible.
Support for Linux games vary by the user's chosen distribution. Games can be found through your distribution's package manager, or online through Websites such as Good Old Games, Steam, and Green Man Gaming.
No Linux distribution is currently made for any PalmPilot model.
Many Linux distributions are intended for home users.
A server with a Linux distribution installed on it.
BlueCat Linux is a distribution aimed at embedded systems (self-contained devices). Typically, you would find this distribution used in devices like MP3 players, print servers, etc., and would not be installed on your computer for general use.