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ATP synthase works by means of?
a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
What feature of the mitochondrion allows isolation of the proton gradient?
The inner mitochondrial membrane is the key feature that allows the isolation of the proton gradient in mitochondria. It is highly impermeable to ions and small molecules, which enables the establishment and maintenance of the electrochemical gradient (proton motive force) across the membrane. This gradient is crucial for ATP synthesis as protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation.
The creation of a proton gradient occures during which biochemical pathway?
All of the following are associated with chemiosmosis EXCEPT Answer creation of a proton gradient. beta-oxidation. phosphorylation of 34 molecules of ADP. oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase.
What enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of ATP using a proton gradient?
ATP synthase is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ATP using a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. It harnesses the energy stored in the proton gradient to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP.
What are pumped across the membrane of the mitochindria to drive ATP synthase?
Protons (H⁺ ions) are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane to create a proton gradient during cellular respiration. This gradient generates a difference in proton concentration and electrical charge, known as the proton motive force. As protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase, this energy is harnessed to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Is hydrogen gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane a cellular energy currency?
ATP molecules are essentially cellular energy currency. The hydrogen gradient (or proton gradient as it is technically called) is responsible for the functioning of a protein complex called ATP synthase which in turn is responsible for the synthesis of ATP molecules. Therefore, the proton gradient is the driving force for the synthesis of ATP molecules.
How is the proton concentration gradient created inside and outside of mitochondrial inner membrane?
The proton concentration gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane is created by the electron transport chain (ETC) during oxidative phosphorylation. As electrons are transferred through the ETC, energy released from these reactions is used to pump protons (H⁺) from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, resulting in a higher concentration of protons outside the matrix. This creates a proton motive force, which is essential for ATP synthesis as protons flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase.
What is the Role of the inner mitochondrial membrane in ATP synthesis?
The inner mitochondrial membrane plays a crucial role in ATP synthesis through its embedded proteins that facilitate the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthase activity. As electrons are transferred along the ETC, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient. This gradient generates potential energy, which ATP synthase harnesses to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP as protons flow back into the matrix. Thus, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essential for both the establishment of the proton gradient and the enzymatic process of ATP production.
What excited electrons pump what ion to create a gradient?
Excited electrons in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration pump protons (H⁺ ions) across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This process creates a proton gradient, with a higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space compared to the mitochondrial matrix. This electrochemical gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
The energy released in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is used to transport protons into the?
The energy released in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is used to transport protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. This creates a proton gradient that is utilized by ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
What is responsible for pumping protons out of the mitochondrial matrix?
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons on its own, so the energy of the proton gradient is stable. This means that energy is needed to make the protons go somewhere, thereby continuing the electron transport system.
What does NADH carry that can be used in the process of chemiosmosis?
NADH carries high-energy electrons that can be used in the process of chemiosmosis to create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This proton gradient is then used to generate ATP through ATP synthase.
