Gluconeogenesis occurs when an organism consumes abnormally high amounts of carbohydrates and fatty acids
In glycolysis you get pyruvate (or lactate) as a end product but in gluconeogenesis you get glucose formed from either Fat or Proteins. There are many intermediate steps before pyruvate is formed from Proteins and Fats. So gluconeogenesis cannot be considered as reversal of glycolysis.
Metabolic pathways are a series of chemical reactions that help cells convert nutrients into energy, building blocks for growth, and molecules needed for various cellular processes. These pathways regulate metabolism and help maintain cellular functions and homeostasis.
Metabolic pathways are regulated through feedback mechanisms and enzyme activity to maintain cellular homeostasis. This ensures that the production and breakdown of molecules within the cell are balanced, allowing for proper functioning and stability.
Feedback regulation of metabolic pathways involves the inhibition of an enzyme by the end product of the pathway. This helps maintain homeostasis by preventing the overproduction of metabolites. This process is important for ensuring that a cell or organism does not waste resources on unnecessary synthesis.
Operations Management.
Anaplerotic sequences are metabolic pathways that replenish intermediates in central metabolic cycles, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, to maintain metabolic flux. Amphibolic pathways are metabolic pathways that serve both catabolic and anabolic roles, allowing bidirectional flow of metabolites for energy generation and biosynthesis. Together, anaplerotic sequences and amphibolic pathways help regulate metabolism and maintain cellular homeostasis.
Metabolic pathways that increase glucose levels primarily include gluconeogenesis, which occurs in the liver and kidneys, converting non-carbohydrate precursors like lactate and amino acids into glucose. Additionally, glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver and muscles, releases glucose into the bloodstream. Hormones such as glucagon and epinephrine stimulate these pathways, particularly during fasting or stress, to maintain blood glucose levels.
anaerobic respiration
Glyoclysis (sugar break down) is a catabolic pathway of glucose where it is destined to provide energy or converted to other substance like glycogen or lipids. Gluconeogenesis on the other hand, is an anabolic process where glucose is produced from its non carbohydrate sources such as glucogenic amino acids, pyruvate,lactate,glycerol. The basis for both is "Glucose" (degradation or synthesis)
Metabolism, which includes all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell. These pathways allow cells to carry out essential functions such as energy production, biosynthesis of molecules, and elimination of waste products. Overall, the interconnected biochemical pathways in a cell help maintain cellular homeostasis and support life processes.
memory. it does have relay, somatotype and decussation
A futile cycle refers to a metabolic pathway where a series of enzymatic reactions occur that do not lead to a net production of useful energy or biomolecules. Instead, the cycle continuously consumes energy without yielding any beneficial outcome, often resulting in a waste of resources. This process can play roles in regulating metabolic pathways, maintaining homeostasis, or generating heat in organisms. An example is the simultaneous activation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, which can lead to energy expenditure without productive output.