Argos.
The Persian Empire and a coalition of Greek city-states.
The Persians wanted to impose peace on the Greek city-states to stop their endless inter-city wars spilling over into the Persian Empire. Some of the Greek city-states ware agreeable to this, but the southern cities refused, banding together to repel the Persian invasions.
The Persian thought the Persian Empire. The coalitions of Greek city-states thought the coalitions of Greek city-states.
Persian War: The Greek cities of Asia Minor provided a third of the Persian navy for the 480 invasion of southern Greece. The Greek city states of central Greece provided a substantial part of the Persian army which fought the southern Greek armies. Peloponnesian War: Athens and the cities in its empire fought the mainly Peloponnesian cities led by Sparta.
Xerxes, the Persian king, demanded that Leonidas and the Greeks surrender and submit to Persian rule, offering them a chance to join his forces in exchange for their safety. He sought their weapons and insisted on their loyalty, aiming to subdue the Greek city-states through intimidation. Leonidas famously refused, choosing instead to fight for Greek freedom and honor, which led to the historic Battle of Thermopylae.
The Persian Empire versus coalitions of Greek city-states led first by Sparta, then by Athens.
For the Greeks, the Persian War was warding off Persian dominance. The Peloponnesian War was a protracted fight to terminate the Athenian Empire's attempt to dominate the other Greek city-states.
The Persian army, and the armies of the Greek city-states.
The Persian army, and the armies of the Greek city-states.
It was between an alliance of Greek city-states and the Persian Empire. Today we call it the Persian War to differentiate it from the wars between the Greek city-states. It is often called the Greco-Persian War.
The Greek city-states in Asia Minor revolted against Persian rule.
The Persian Empire versus varying combinations of Greek city-states.