A connection between two exchanges connection
In-Band Signaling (IBS)
In-channel signaling is also often referred to as in-band signaling. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signalling_(telecommunications)#In-Band_versus_Out-Of-Band and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-band_signaling.The signaling used to establish and tear down a phone call was located in the same physical communication channel used to carry the call (i.e voice, fax or modem) traffic, and used DTMF tones. Examples are CCITT Signaling Systems 1-5 R1 & R2. Most books on SS7 should talk briefly about this.SS6 & SS7 moved to take the signaling out-of band, and to establish a common channel for all signaling in digital packet-based format (non-tone based) allowing one signaling channel to control a large number of "voice" circuits.
In telephony, signaling is the exchange of information between involved points in the network that sets up, controls, and terminates each telephone call. In in-band signaling , the signaling is on the same channel as the telephone call. In out-of-band signaling , signaling is on separate channels dedicated for the purpose.
provide information of the trunk itself carry on trunk....
•CCS links can be a single point of failure •No inherent testing of speech path by call setup signaling •CCS response time is critical
One signaling path needed per trunk groupFaster and simpler to transfer information between control processorsNo possibility of interference with speech pathSignaling can't be accessed by customer.Value-added services of a signaling control pointShared processing for small officesAllows centralized decision making (flow mgmt)Permits Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) services
Ligand-gated ion channel
ligand gated ion channel
is the set of standard rules for data representation, signaling, authentication and error detection required to send information over a communications channel
By using a D channel on another PRI across the same user network interface
Nerves communicate at specialized cell junctions known as synapses. In response to some stimuli, in many cases an action potential, the pre-synaptic nerve releases signal molecules into the space between the two cells (the synaptic cleft). The signaling molecule is then bound by a receptor on the post-synaptic neuron. In this fashion "instructions" can be communicated between neurons. Generally binding of the messenger signal leads to the opening of an ion channel in the post-synaptic nerve causing that nerve to either become more or less excited. In the case of more excited the post-synaptic neuron will approach being able to fire its own action potential if it is excited enough.
answer in www.ent.mrt.ac.lk/~ekulasek/cni/cni4-eck.ppt last slide