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Francium is an alkaline metal, which means that its one electron is easily given away, making it highly reactive.

Because the atom is so large, there is a shielding effect between the protons in the nucleus, and the valence electron. This blocks the attractive forces, and the other layers of electrons work to repel the valence electron, decreasing the ionization energy even further. The low ionization energy is what makes francium so reactive, that none of it can be isolated effectively.

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