A noun is a word for a person, place, or thing. Everything we can see or talk about is represented by a word which names it.
A noun is called a naming word because a noun is a word for (what you call) a person, a place or a thing.
Several is a modifier of a noun, called an adjective, not a noun.
The noun or pronoun that follows a preposition is called the object of the preposition.
There is no noun called a 'fern noun'. It's possible the it means 'fern, noun', that is, the word 'fern' is a noun.
Yes it is called a proper noun.
A noun is a word for a person, place, or thing. Everything we can see or talk about is represented by a word which names it. That "naming word" is called a noun.
A noun that completes an action is called a subject, as it performs the action in a sentence.
Jealousy is a noun. It is properly called an abstract noun.
Yes, the noun 'excitement' is an abstract noun (also called an idea noun); a word for an emotion.
The noun Christmas is a proper, abstract noun (sometimes called an idea noun); a word for a concept.
A proper noun is a specific name, not a name of a category of things. Herbert Hoover is a proper noun. Reptiles is a plural noun. It is properly called a noun, but is not classed as a "proper noun".
Yes, thinking is an abstract noun, a verbal noun called a gerund.