Harappan
The civilization's ancient writing has not been deciphered.
It is widely believed that civilizations started at the end of the Neolithic period. Three basic institutions that are required for a civilization is a system of writing, a city, and a ceremonial center.
No one is sure how it disappeared It could have been a natural disaster, or another civilization could have invaded them and took over.
If the cradle of civilization, Mesopotamia, did not exist then it would mean that there wouldn't be laws, governments, rules, trade and merchandise. Basically, it would erase 'civilization' out of existence which means that we all would of been savage or barbaric people killing each other for food and shelter. It also would mean Egypt and all the other civilizations that have been made after Mesopotamia would of never existed too. Mesopotamia is the first civilization in ancient history therefore it is crucial for the world.
In cryptography a cipher is a code used to encrypt or decrypt a coded message. The cipher is the "key" that unlocks the message. So a message (or computer file) that has been encryption coded has been ciphered and must be decoded (deciphered) before it can be read.
Harappan
The civilization's ancient writing has not been deciphered.
You can still download an email attachment that has not been decoded properly, it just probably won't open. You will need the sender to resend the attachment.
It is widely believed that civilizations started at the end of the Neolithic period. Three basic institutions that are required for a civilization is a system of writing, a city, and a ceremonial center.
Archaeologists and historians have been unable to decipher the Indus Valley writing.
hey never changed it to hieroglyphics... that has always been theier way of writing.
Shakespeare never said at any time that he had a passion for writing. Therefore nothing at all can be said about the subject. He may have been passionate about writing, or he may have considered it a chore.
The lost civilization has been found!
To answer you you are correct, the Aborigines never had any form of government and definitely did not have a civilization due to them not building, writing anything etc. What they did have were tribes which varied all across the continent, but all of these were nomadic people meaning they did not 'own' the land but rather traveled across it in search of food or trade. So your question is how come they never advanced? Perhaps, they had no need to since they were comfortable with their lives the way they were. Things such as farming and agriculture which are the basis of any civilization probably wouldn't have worked in Australia due to its poor soils and extreme climate. It was just easier to look for food rather than make it I guess.
Yes, throughout history, there has never been a time when two civilisations were exactly equal. So one of them must have been greater than the other.
The Mycenean civilization,during the second millennium BC, with linear A and B writing. It was a syllabic language (meaning that vowels and consonants do not exist on their own like in an alphabetic script, they only exist in combinations). The greek alphabet is believed to have been derived from the Phoenician alphabet.
0 K has never been recorded anywhere and probably never will be. As of this writing (December 2011) the lowest temperature achieved was 100 pK.